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Shock collar: Difference between revisions
→Health risks: Add note that the neck poses additional risks for vasovagal syncope
Arubberdog (talk | contribs) (→Health risks: Add more details, citing research papers on VNS) |
Arubberdog (talk | contribs) (→Health risks: Add note that the neck poses additional risks for vasovagal syncope) |
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From the electric shock itself, nerve damage or burns could potentially result, particularly with extended use at high power levels. The [[electrostimulation]] article provides more detail about the risks associated with electricity and the human body. | From the electric shock itself, nerve damage or burns could potentially result, particularly with extended use at high power levels. The [[electrostimulation]] article provides more detail about the risks associated with electricity and the human body. | ||
One of the most common risks associated with electric shock is not the shock itself but secondary reactions to it. The person who is shocked could potentially have an involuntary reaction being shocked, such as falling or flailing. The surprise, stress, or pain caused a secondary effect of the shock could potentially result in vasovagal syncope (fainting. | One of the most common risks associated with electric shock is not the shock itself but secondary reactions to it. The person who is shocked could potentially have an involuntary reaction being shocked, such as falling or flailing. The surprise, stress, or pain caused a secondary effect of the shock could potentially result in vasovagal syncope (fainting). | ||
It's important to consider the risks of wearing the collar, even if it is not activated. Ensure that body-safe materials are used such as stainless steel or titanium; contacts made of nickel should not be used as this can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Repeated exposure to nickel can cause an allergy to develop even if one did not already exist. | It's important to consider the risks of wearing the collar, even if it is not activated. Ensure that body-safe materials are used such as stainless steel or titanium; contacts made of nickel should not be used as this can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Repeated exposure to nickel can cause an allergy to develop even if one did not already exist. | ||
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As the neck is the only connection from the head to the rest of the body, it contains numerous critical organs and nerves. These include, but are not limited to, the vocal cords, vagus nerve, carotid artery, jugular vein, and spinal cord. When a shock collar is worn on the neck, as with any collar, it should fit comfortably and not restrict breathing or circulation. | As the neck is the only connection from the head to the rest of the body, it contains numerous critical organs and nerves. These include, but are not limited to, the vocal cords, vagus nerve, carotid artery, jugular vein, and spinal cord. When a shock collar is worn on the neck, as with any collar, it should fit comfortably and not restrict breathing or circulation. | ||
While vagus nerve stimulation is an an accepted medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, the electrical output of a shock collar is very different than devices used for vagus nerve stimulation and cannot be directly compared. A known risk of vagus nerve stimulation is the risk of bradycardia (excessively low heart rate) or even cardiac asystole (stopping of the heart), but this is considered rare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Capilupi |first=Michael J. |last2=Kerath |first2=Samantha M. |last3=Becker |first3=Lance B. |date=2020-02-03 |title=Vagus Nerve Stimulation and the Cardiovascular System |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6996447/ |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=a034173 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a034173 |issn=2157-1422 |pmc=6996447 |pmid=31109966}}</ref> | While vagus nerve stimulation is an an accepted medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, the electrical output of a shock collar is very different than devices used for vagus nerve stimulation and cannot be directly compared. A known risk of vagus nerve stimulation is the risk of bradycardia (excessively low heart rate) or even cardiac asystole (stopping of the heart), but this is considered rare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Capilupi |first=Michael J. |last2=Kerath |first2=Samantha M. |last3=Becker |first3=Lance B. |date=2020-02-03 |title=Vagus Nerve Stimulation and the Cardiovascular System |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6996447/ |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=a034173 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a034173 |issn=2157-1422 |pmc=6996447 |pmid=31109966}}</ref> With direct stimulation of the vagus nerve, the risk of vasovagal syncope is higher. | ||
Laryngospasm, an uncontrolled or involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal muscles (including the vocal cords) could theoretically be triggered by electrical stimulation to the neck, but there is limited research about the mechanisms of action or the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on human laryngeal function.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lundy |first=D. S. |last2=Casiano |first2=R. R. |last3=Landy |first3=H. J. |last4=Gallo |first4=J. |last5=Gallo |first5=B. |last6=Ramsey |first6=R. E. |date=1993-12 |title=Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on laryngeal function |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8293068 |journal=Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=359–364 |doi=10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80259-0 |issn=0892-1997 |pmid=8293068}}</ref> | Laryngospasm, an uncontrolled or involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal muscles (including the vocal cords) could theoretically be triggered by electrical stimulation to the neck, but there is limited research about the mechanisms of action or the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on human laryngeal function.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lundy |first=D. S. |last2=Casiano |first2=R. R. |last3=Landy |first3=H. J. |last4=Gallo |first4=J. |last5=Gallo |first5=B. |last6=Ramsey |first6=R. E. |date=1993-12 |title=Effects of vagal nerve stimulation on laryngeal function |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8293068 |journal=Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=359–364 |doi=10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80259-0 |issn=0892-1997 |pmid=8293068}}</ref> | ||